On August 9, 1974, President Richard Nixon became the first U.S. president to resign his presidency under threat of impeachment after it was uncovered over two years' investigation that he and his campaign had engaged in election-related crimes and the president had directed a government cover-up. A month later, his successor, Gerald Ford, issued a pardon to the former president for offenses he “has committed or may have committed.”  (Reprint of front page of August 9, 1974 Daily News.)

Accountability and Transparency

Accountability and Transparency: Resources

Resources

Essential Principles and History

Articles

Bouie, Jamelle
"John Roberts Makes His Bid For Infamy," Opinion, The New York Times, July 12, 2024.

Diamond, Larry.
"Building a System of Comprehensive Accountability to Control Corruption." 2003.

Foreign Policy
It’s Actually Common to Indict Leaders In Democracies,” July 18, 2023.

Jurist
EU Announces New Tribunal to Prosecute Russia Crimes of Aggression,” March 4, 2023.

Katz, Ellen M.
Transparency in Government—How American Citizens Influence Public Policy.” U.S. Department of State: Washington, DC, 1999.

Luttig, Michael and Tribe, Lawrence
Supreme Betrayal: A Requiem for Section 3 of the 14th Amendment,” The Atlantic, March 14, 2023.

Maddow, Rachel and Yarvitz, Michael.
“Bag Man,” a podcast and book on the case of Spiro Agnew.

Schoenfeld, Gabriel
Trump and the Abuse of the Pardon Power,” The Bulwark, May 30, 2023.

The Kyiv Independent
98,000 War Crimes Identified in Ukraine,” August 3, 2023.

The Shanker Blog
"The Nation's Teachable Moment" by Leo Casey, Mary Cathryn Ricker and Randi Weingarten, June 28, 2024

Tribe, Lawrence
"The Trump Decision Reveals Deep Rot in the System, Opinion, The New York Times, July 1, 2024.

Organizational Resources

Council of Europe: Anti-Corruption Standards.

Freedom House, "Combating Impunity: Transitional Justice and Anti-Corruption." 2013.

International Criminal Court (home page).

International Centre for the Prosecution of the Crime of Aggression Against Ukraine.

Open Government Partnership (home page).

Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development: Anti-Corruption Integrity Hub.

Transparency International Corruption Index.

United Nations: Convention Against Corruption (2005).

US Holocaust Museum: “The Nuremberg Trials.

Other Resources

Politico
Read the Georgia Grand Jury’s Indictment of Trump,” August 14, 2023.

United States Department of Justice:
“Report of the Special Counsel on the Investigation Into Russian Interference” Volume 1 and Volume 2 (Washington, D.C.: 2019).

United States Congress

United States Department of Justice

United States v. Donald Trump (in the matter of January 6, 2023).

Botswana

Economist: Topics Index: Botswana. See, e.g.:

Botswana, an African Success Story, Looks Less Exceptional,” June 8, 2023.

The New York Times: World Topics: Botswana.

Freedom in the World  2024 Botswana Country Report.

Transparency International Corruption Perceptions Index for Botswana.

Other Resources

Auditor General, Government of BotswanaHome Page.
     2020 Auditor General Report on the Accounts of the Botswana Government.

Bohm, John and Molutsi, Patrick, eds., Democracy in Botswana. University Press: Ohio, 1990.

U.S. Department of State Human Rights Country Reports (go to current year Country Reports on Human Rights Practices and scroll down to Africa/Botswana).

Philippines

Economist: Topics Index: Philippines. See, e.g.:
     “Banyan: The Surprisingly Successful President of the Philippines,” May 31, 2014.

The New York Times: World Topics: Philippines. See, e.g.

Freedom in the World 2024 Philippines Country Report

Human Rights Watch 2024 Philippines Country Report.

Transparency International 2023 Corruption Perceptions Index for Philippines.

Other Resources

Rappler, on line news outlet.

Mendoza, Jr., Amado. “’People Power’ in the Philippines: 1983-86,” Chapter 11, pp. 179-196. Civil Resistance and Power Politics. Editors: A. Roberts and T. G. Ash. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009.

UN High Commissioner Report on the Philippines, September 13, 2022

US Department of State Human Rights Country Reports (go to current year Country Reports on Human Rights Practices and scroll down to East Asia and Pacific/Philippines).

Kazakhstan

Economist magazine: Topics Index: Kazakhstan.

The New York Times: World Topics: Kazakhstan.

Eurasianet.org: Kazakhstan Page.

Freedom in the World 2024 Kazakhstan Country Report.

Human Rights Watch 2024 Kazakhstan Country Report. See also:
Worker Rights Denied in Kazakhstan: Zhanaozen’s Legacy,” Dec. 15, 2021.

Transparency International Corruption Perceptions Index for Kazakhstan.

Other Resources

Kazakhstan International Bureau for Human Rights and Rule of Law.

Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (search “Kazakhstan” for news articles).
Five Takeaways from Kazakhstan Parliamentary Elections,” March 20, 2023.

Uncaptive Minds Special Issue, Summer 2015.
“What Happened to the Dream of Independent Media,” Session 7, presentation by Sergei Duvanov, pages 143-145.

U.S. Department of State Human Rights Country Reports (go to current year Country Reports on Human Rights Practices and scroll down to Europe and Eurasia/Kazakhstan).

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